- Molecular NameHydrochlorothiazide
- SynonymDihydrochlorothiazid; Dihydrochlorothiazide; Dihydrochlorothiazidum; Dihydrochlorurit; Dihydrochlorurite; Dihydroxychlorothiazidum; HCTZ; HCZ; Hydrochlorothiazid; Hydrochlorthiazide
- Weight297.743
- Drugbank_IDDB00999
- ACS_NO58-93-5
- Show 2D model
- LogP (experiment)-0.07
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)-0.17
- pka7.0, 9.2
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)-0.17
- Solubility (experiment)Insoluble
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)-2.22
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)0.89
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)1.76
- No.of HBond Donors4
- No.of HBond Acceptors7
- No.of Rotatable Bonds1
- TPSA135.12
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationN/A
- PharmacologyA first line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance. Hydrochlorothiazide is sold both as a generic drug and under a large number of brand names, including Apo-Hydro, Aquazide H, Dichlotride, Hydrodiuril, HydroSaluric, Microzide, Esidrex, and Oretic.
- Absorption_value68.0
- Absorption (description)Rapidly but incompletely absorbed after oral administration.
- Caco_2N/A
- Bioavailability71.0
- Protein binding58.0
- Volume of distribution (VD)0.83 L/kg
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)Plasma:whole blood ratio, 0.41.
- MetabollsmDoes not undergo significant metabolism (>95% excreted unchanged in urine)
- Half life2.5 h (Longer terminal t1/2 s of 8 +/- 2.8 hours have been reported with a corresponding increase in Varea to 2.8 l/kg)
- ExcretionMore than 95% of an IV dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. About 65% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine unchanged in 24 h. It crosses the placenta and is distributed into breast milk.
- Urinary Excretion>95
- Clerance4.9 ml/min/kg
- ToxicityThe most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias.
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)N/A