- Molecular NameAtropine
- SynonymAtropin [German]; Atropina [Italian]; Atropine Sulfate; DL-Hyoscyamine; DL-Tropyl tropate
- Weight289.375
- Drugbank_IDDB00572
- ACS_NO51-55-8
- Show 2D model
- LogP (experiment)1.8
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)2.05
- pka9.9
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)-0.48
- Solubility (experiment)Slightly soluble
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)0.54
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)3.65
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)2.68
- No.of HBond Donors1
- No.of HBond Acceptors4
- No.of Rotatable Bonds5
- TPSA49.77
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationOral, IV, rectal
- PharmacologyA tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects. It is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. It is classified as an anticholinergic drug. Being potentially deadly, it derives its name from Atropos, one of the three Fates who, according to Greek mythology, chose how a person was to die. Atropine is a core medicine in the World Health Organization's "Essential Drugs List", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care system.
- Absorption_value94.0
- Absorption (description)Readily absorbed from the mucous membranes, skin and gastro-intestinal tract but not from the stomach.
- Caco_2N/A
- Bioavailability50.0
- Protein binding18.0
- Volume of distribution (VD)2.0 L/kg
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)N/A
- Metabollsm50% hydrolysed to tropine and tropic acid
- Half life3.5 h; a longer terminal phase of 13 to 38 h has also been reported
- ExcretionAbout 80 to 90% of a dose is excreted in the urine in 24 h, 50% of the dose as unchanged drug, less than 2% as tropic acid and tropine, and about 30% as unknown metabolites. Traces of the dose are eliminated in the faeces.
- Urinary Excretion57
- Clerance8 ml/min/kg.
- ToxicityThe amount of a toxic dose appears to vary considerably with individuals. Fatalities are reported to have occurred with doses of 50 to 100 mg but recovery has occurred after administration of 1 g; doses of 10 mg or less may be lethal in children or in susceptible individuals.A man was found dead after having ingested an unknown amount of atropine sulfate tablets. The blood contained 0.2 mg/L and the urine 1.5 mg/L of atropine. [B. W. Corbett and A. J. McBay,Bull. Int. Assoc. Forensic Toxicol.,1978, 14(1), 36–37.] Of 240 children accidentally injected with automatic atropine injectors, which had been distributed in Israel during the Persian Gulf Crisis as an antidote to chemical warfare agents, 20 (8%) showed signs of severe atropinization; no fatalities occurred. High serum atropine levels of 6.2 to 61 μg/L were noted approximately 1 h after injection in 6 of the children. [Y. Amitai et al.,JAMA,1992, 268, 630–632.]
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)N/A