• Molecular NameVitamin A
  • Synonym[11,12-3H]-Retinol; all-trans-retinol; All-trans-Retinyl alcohol; all-trans-Vitamin A; All-trans-Vitamin A alcohol; all-trans-Vitamin A1; beta-Retinol; Retin-11,12-t2-ol (9CI); Retinol; trans-Retinol; trans-Vitamin A alcohol; Vitamin A (Feed); Vitamin A alcohol; Vitamin A cryst; Vitamin A Palmitate; Vitamin A Solubilized; Vitamin A1; Vitamin A1 alcohol
  • Weight286.459
  • Drugbank_IDDB00162
  • ACS_NON/A
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  • LogP (experiment)5.68
  • LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)6.03
  • pkaN/A
  • LogD (pH=7, predicted)6.03
  • Solubility (experiment)Insoluble
  • LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)-6.86
  • LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)0.02
  • Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)0.0
  • No.of HBond Donors1
  • No.of HBond Acceptors1
  • No.of Rotatable Bonds5
  • TPSA20.23
  • StatusFDA approved
  • AdministrationN/A
  • PharmacologyA vitamin which is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of a specific metabolite, the light-absorbing molecule retinal. This molecule is absolutely necessary for both scotopic and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role, as an irreversibly oxidized form retinoic acid, which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.
  • Absorption_value80.0
  • Absorption (description)Readily absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract
  • Caco_2N/A
  • BioavailabilityN/A
  • Protein binding5.0
  • Volume of distribution (VD)N/A
  • Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)N/A
  • MetabollsmHepatic. Retinol is conjugated with glucuronic acid; the B-glucuronide undergoes enterohepatic circulation and oxidation to retinol and retinoic acid. Retinoic acid undergoes decarboxylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid.
  • Half life1.9 h
  • ExcretionN/A
  • Urinary ExcretionN/A
  • CleranceN/A
  • ToxicityAcute toxicity (single ingestion of 7 500 RE or 25 000 IU per kg or more): Signs and symptoms may be delayed for 8 to 24 hours and include: increased intracranial pressure, headache, irritability, drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, bulging of fontanels in infants, diplopia, papilledema. Peeling of skin around mouth may be observed from 1 to several days after ingestion and may spread to the rest of the body. Chronic, excessive ingestion (1 200 RE or 4 000 IU/kg daily for 6 to 15 months) may produce symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri, anorexia, weakness, arthralgias, bone pain, bone demineralization, dry skin, cracked lips, brittle nails, hair loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hypoplastic anemia, leukopenia, optic neuropathy, and blindness. Increased plasma concentrations of vitamin A occur but do not necessarily correlate with toxicity.
  • LD50 (rat)N/A
  • LD50 (mouse)N/A