- Molecular NameKetamine
- Synonym(-)-Ketamine; (S)-(-)-Ketamine; (S)-Ketamine; CI 581 base; Ketamine Base; Ketamine HCL; l-Ketamine
- Weight237.73
- Drugbank_IDDB01221
- ACS_NO6740-88-1
- Show 3D model
- LogP (experiment)2.18
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)2.55
- pka7.5
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)0.94
- Solubility (experiment)N/A
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)-1.37
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)1.78
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)1.49
- No.of HBond Donors1
- No.of HBond Acceptors2
- No.of Rotatable Bonds2
- TPSA29.1
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationIV, IM, Insufflated, oral, topical
- PharmacologyA drug used in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis (today a part of Pfizer) in 1962.
- Absorption_valueN/A
- Absorption (description)Rapidly distributed in the tissues including the brain following parenteral administration. Ketamine crosses the placenta.
- Caco_2N/A
- Bioavailability20.0
- Protein binding35.0
- Volume of distribution (VD)4 L/kg
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)Plasma : whole blood ratio, about 0.6.
- MetabollsmHepatic, primarily by CYP3A4
- Half life2~3 h
- ExcretionIt has a bi- or triexponential elimination pattern. In the first phase, ketamine exerts its anaesthetic effects in the CNS and it is then redistributed into peripheral tissues and metabolised in the liver. About 90% of a dose is excreted in the urine in 72 h, with about 2% of the dose as unchanged drug, 2% as norketamine, 16% as dehydronorketamine and 80% as conjugates of hydroxylated metabolites. Norketamine (which has about one-sixth of the potency of ketamine) and dehydronorketamine are found in the serum in concentrations similar to those of ketamine. It has been suggested that dehydronorketamine may be an analytical artefact rather than a metabolite.
- Urinary ExcretionN/A
- Clerance17 ml/min/kg
- ToxicityKetamine produces hallucinogenic effects similar to those of phencyclidine and may be subject to abuse.
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)LD50=60