- Molecular NameAcyclovir
- Synonym9-Hyroxyethoxymethylguanine; AC2; Aciclovier; Aciclovir Sodium; Acycloguanosine; Acyclovir; Acyclovir Sodium; Wellcome-248u
- Weight225.208
- Drugbank_IDDB00787
- ACS_NO59277-89-3
- Show 2D model
- LogP (experiment)-1.56
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)-1.37
- pka2.3, 9.2
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)-1.37
- Solubility (experiment)0.00253 mg/ml
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)-1.87
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)1.63
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)3.04
- No.of HBond Donors4
- No.of HBond Acceptors8
- No.of Rotatable Bonds4
- TPSA114.76
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationN/A
- PharmacologyOne of the most commonly-used antiviral drugs, it is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, as well as in the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles).
- Absorption_value23.0
- Absorption (description)N/A
- Caco_2-6.15
- Bioavailability15.0
- Protein binding15.0
- Volume of distribution (VD)0.69 L/kg
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)N/A
- MetabollsmViral thymidine kinase
- Half life2.4 h
- ExcretionIt is excreted mostly unchanged through the kidney both by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. 30 to 70% of an administered dose can be detected in urine. About 14% is excreted as the inactive metabolite 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine (the main metabolite), and also 8-hydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine has been detected (<0.2% of the dose). Faecal excretion accounts for about 2% of a dose. It is widely distributed into various tissues, including CSF where concentrations reach about 50% those of plasma. It crosses the placenta and is distributed into breast milk. Aciclovir is removed by haemodialysis but not by peritoneal dialysis.
- Urinary Excretion75
- Clerance327 mL/min/1.73 m2
- ToxicityNephrotoxicity may occur occasionally. The risk may be increased if large doses are given or if it is administered very rapidly or as a bolus. Neurotoxicity may also occur. Patients have ingested up to 20 g with no unexpected effects. If the solubility of aciclovir in intratubular fluid is exceeded (2.5 g/L), aciclovir may precipitate in the renal tubules and therefore urine flow must be maintained in cases of overdosage. Severe neurological impairment and nonoliguric renal failure developed in a 68-year-old man a week after starting treatment with aciclovir 600 mg four times daily by mouth. On presentation the blood-aciclovir concentration was 18 mg/L. Intravascular volume depletion secondary to profuse diarrhoea and a history of chronic renal failure were contributory factors. Symptoms resolved on discontinuation of aciclovir and haemodialysis. [J. Bradley et al.,Chest,1997, 112, 538–540].
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)N/A