- Molecular NameCaffeine
- SynonymCafeina; Caffein; Caffeine Pure; Caffeine, Anhydrous; Caffeine, Monohydrate; Caffeine, Synthetic; CFF; Compound 65; Methyltheobromide; Methyltheobromine; Monomethyl Derivative of Theophylline; Theobromine ME; Theophylline ME
- Weight194.194
- Drugbank_IDDB00201
- ACS_NO58-08-2
- Show 3D model
- LogP (experiment)-0.07
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)0.11
- pka10.4
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)0.11
- Solubility (experiment)22 mg/ml
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)-0.56
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)21.54
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)53.26
- No.of HBond Donors0
- No.of HBond Acceptors6
- No.of Rotatable Bonds0
- TPSA58.44
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationN/A
- PharmacologyA psychoactive stimulant drug.
- Absorption_value100.0
- Absorption (description)Rapidly absorbed after oral administration. It is widely distributed; it crosses the placenta and also enters the CNS and saliva; small amounts are excreted in breast milk.
- Caco_2-4.41
- Bioavailability98.0
- Protein binding36.0
- Volume of distribution (VD)0.5 L/kg
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)Plasma:whole blood ratio, 0.93.
- MetabollsmMetabolic reactions include N-demethylation, acetylation, and oxidation to uric acid derivatives.
- Half life4 h
- ExcretionAbout 85% of a dose is excreted in the urine in 48 h with up to 40% of the dose as 1-methyluric acid, 10 to 15% as 1-methylxanthine, and up to 35% as 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil and 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil; other metabolites excreted in the urine include theophylline, 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine), 7-methylxanthine, and 1,3-dimethyluric acid. About 1% is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. The extent of N-acetylation is genetically determined. In neonates, caffeine is largely excreted unchanged in the urine, because, until about 6 months of age, the capacity to metabolise the drug is reduced.
- Urinary ExcretionN/A
- Clerance1.5 ml/min/kg.
- ToxicityFatalities have occurred after the ingestion of 5 to 50 g of caffeine, but recovery following the ingestion of 30 g has been reported. Toxic effects are associated with blood concentrations greater than 15 mg/L and fatalities with blood concentrations greater than 80 mg/L.
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)N/A