- Molecular NameCiclosporin
- SynonymCiclosporin; Cyclosporin A; cyclosporine
- Weight1202.64
- Drugbank_IDN/A
- ACS_NO59865-13-3
- Show 2D model
- LogP (experiment)-3.3
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)N/A
- pkaN/A
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)N/A
- Solubility (experiment)N/A
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)N/A
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)N/A
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)N/A
- No.of HBond DonorsN/A
- No.of HBond AcceptorsN/A
- No.of Rotatable BondsN/A
- TPSAN/A
- StatusN/A
- Administrationoral, IV, ophthalmic
- PharmacologyAn immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and, so, the risk of organ rejection.
- Absorption_valueN/A
- Absorption (description)After oral administration of conventional formulations absorption is very variable; absolute bioavailability can vary from less than 10% in liver transplant patients to up to 89% in some renal transplant patients.
- Caco_2N/A
- Bioavailability30.0
- Protein binding98.6
- Volume of distribution (VD)N/A
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)his is concentration and temperature dependent. Approx. 40% is taken up in erythrocytes and the remainder extensively binds plasma proteins. At high concentrations the binding to blood cells becomes saturated.
- MetabollsmIt is extensively metabolised by CYP4503A mainly in the liver (some also in the gastro-intestinal tract and kidney)
- Half life24 h
- ExcretionExcreted primarily in faeces via the bile; only about 6% is excreted in the urine. The low oral bioavailability of ciclosporin is due to first-pass metabolism in the gastro-intestinal wall rather than the liver. It crosses the placenta and is distributed into breast milk. Dialysis does not affect clearance significantly.
- Urinary ExcretionN/A
- CleranceBlood clearance, 0.71 L/h/kg (paediatrics); 0.34 L/h/kg (adults).
- ToxicityNephrotoxicity is the major toxic effect; doses must be adjusted individually and kidney function must be monitored during therapy.
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)LD50=107