- Molecular NameTheophylline
- SynonymDimethylxanthine; Pseudotheophylline; Theophyline; Theophyllin; Theophylline aminoacetate; Theophylline Anhydrous
- Weight180.167
- Drugbank_IDDB00277
- ACS_NO58-55-9
- Show 3D model
- LogP (experiment)-0.02
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)0.02
- pka8.6 (25°)
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)0.02
- Solubility (experiment)7.34 mg/ml
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)-1.27
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)26.24
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)9.43
- No.of HBond Donors1
- No.of HBond Acceptors6
- No.of Rotatable Bonds0
- TPSA69.3
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationOral, IV
- PharmacologyA methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD or asthma under a variety of brand names. Due to its numerous side-effects, these drugs are now rarely administered for clinical use.
- Absorption_value100.0
- Absorption (description)Theophylline is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration in solution or immediate-release solid oral dosage form.
- Caco_2-4.35
- Bioavailability83.0
- Protein binding56.0
- Volume of distribution (VD)0.50 L/kg
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)N/A
- MetabollsmTheophylline is metabolized extensively in the liver (up to 70%). It undergoes N-demethylation via cytochrome P450 1A2. It is metabolized by parallel first order and Michaelis-Menten pathways. Metabolism may become saturated (non-linear), even within the therapeutic range. Small dose increases may result in disproportionately large increases in serum concentration. Methylation in caffeine is also important in the infant population. Smokers and people with hepatic (liver) impairment metabolize it differently.
- Half life9.0 h
- ExcretionTheophylline is excreted unchanged in the urine (up to 10%). Clearance of the drug is increased in these conditions: children 1 to 12, teenagers 12 to 16, adult smokers, elderly smokers, cystic fibrosis, hyperthyroidism. Clearance of the drug is decreased in these conditions: elderly, acute congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism and febrile viral illness.
- Urinary Excretion18
- Clerance0.65 ml/min/kg
- ToxicitySymptoms of overdose include seizures, arrhythmias, and GI effects.
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)LD50=297