- Molecular NameGamma Hydroxybutyric Acid
- Synonym4-Hydroxy-butanoic acid; 4-hydroxybutanoate; 4-hydroxybutanoic acid; 4-Hydroxybutyric acid; gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid; GHB; Juice; Liquid Ecstasy; sodium oxybate
- Weight103.097
- Drugbank_IDDB01440
- ACS_NO591-81-1
- Show 3D model
- LogP (experiment)N/A
- LogP (predicted, AB/LogP v2.0)-0.86
- pkaN/A
- LogD (pH=7, predicted)-3.11
- Solubility (experiment)N/A
- LogS (predicted, ACD/Labs)(ph=7)0.98
- LogSw (predicted, AB/LogsW2.0)639.46
- Sw (mg/ml) (predicted, ACD/Labs)502.42
- No.of HBond Donors2
- No.of HBond Acceptors3
- No.of Rotatable Bonds3
- TPSA57.53
- StatusFDA approved
- AdministrationN/A
- PharmacologyA naturally-occurring substance found in the central nervous system, wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and almost all animals in small amounts. It is also a neuroprotective therapeutic nutrient[citation needed] that is categorized as an illegal drug in many countries.
- Absorption_valueN/A
- Absorption (description)Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is readily absorbed after oral administration
- Caco_2N/A
- BioavailabilityN/A
- Protein bindingN/A
- Volume of distribution (VD)N/A
- Blood/Plasma Partitioning ratio (D_blood)N/A
- MetabollsmRapidly metabolised in the liver by oxidative enzymes. Conversion to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) can occur and elimination is rapid, via the kidneys, with urine recovery virtually complete within 8 h of administration. Only negligible amounts of the parent drug are recovered unchanged in urine (<5%) and after 12 h, the drug is not detectable.
- Half lifeN/A
- ExcretionEndogenous concentrations of GHB are thought to be up to 10 mg/L in urine and 4 mg/L in antemortem plasma of individuals not suffering from the genetic disorder gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria. Endogenous concentrations appear to be increased postmortem, particularly in blood.
- Urinary ExcretionN/A
- Clerance9.6 ml/min/kg (oral)
- ToxicityDoses greater than 50 mg/kg can lead to a decrease in cardiac output, respiratory depression/arrest, seizure-like activity and, possibly, death. An intoxicating dose is 15 mg/kg and a dose of 4 g has been associated with death. It has also been reported that doses between 5 and 10 g can be toxic or fatal. Effects usually occur within 20 min post dose and are also associated with a steep dose–response curve that may result in accidental overdosage.
- LD50 (rat)N/A
- LD50 (mouse)N/A